Design methods and application of passive samplers

Presents the principle of passive samplers. Points out the limitations of the simplified model commonly used to guide the design of passive samplers. Combined with the model covering the mass transfer process, establishes an inverse problem optimization method for passive sampler design for minimizing the error of exposure measurement. Based on the design method, develops a passive sampler（THPDS）with satisfactory performance, whose uncertainty of field test is smaller than most existing commercial samplers. Summarizes the characteristics of badge-, tube-axial-, and tube-radial-type samplers, and analyses the effects of the environmental factors on the performance of passive samplers.